Series 5, Year 37

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Upload deadline: 9th April 2024 11:59:59 PM, CET

(3 points)1. annexation of Kaliningrad

The commander of the operation to take over the Russian enclave is chilling in his recreational boat, which has the shape of a block with a base area $S$ and height $H$. Suddenly, directly below him at the bottom of the Vistula Lagoon, a group of saboteurs punches a hole in the alcohol pipeline – a pipeline bringing a high-quality, scarce Czech commodity with a density $\rho \_B$ from Budějovice to Královec. Determine the conditions under which the boat sinks, assuming that it was submerged to a depth $h$ before the accident and that the layer of beer on the surface after the accident is $\Delta h$.

(3 points)2. basic problem of acoustics

Adam can take meaningful notes at the speed $v_1$. Unfortunately, his calculus professor speaks at the speed of $v_2$. There is an airflow in the lecture hall, moving from Adam towards the professor, with the air flowing at a velocity of $v_3$. At what velocity and in which direction along a straight line intersecting Adam and the lecturer should Adam move to transcribe everything the lecturer says into his notebook?

(6 points)3. bowling

Jirka was bowling with his friends. He was throwing the ball so that when it hit the lane it had a horizontal velocity $v_0$ and glided on the lane without spinning. However, there was a coefficient of friction $f$ between the lane and the ball, hence after time $t^\ast $ the ball started to roll without slipping. Determine the final velocity $v^\ast $ at this equilibrium, the time $t^\ast $ and the distance $s^\ast $ the ball travels before reaching the equilibrium. The ball is solid, with radius $r$ and mass $m$.

(7 points)4. centrifuge

Consider a centrifuge of length $L = 30 \mathrm{cm}$ filled with a solution in which there are homogeneously distributed small spherical particles of radius $r = 50 \mathrm{\micro m}$ and mass $m = 5,5 \cdot 10^{-10} \mathrm{kg}$. The density of the solution is $\rho \_r = 1~050 kg.m^{-3}$ and its viscosity is $\eta = 4,8 \mathrm{mPa\cdot s}$. The container with the solution is in a horizontal position and suddenly begins to rotate at an angular velocity of $\omega = 0,5 \mathrm{rad\cdot s^{-1}}$. Determine how long it will take for $90 \mathrm{\%}$ of all the particles to reach the end of the centrifuge. Do not consider interparticle collisions and movement of the particles due to diffusion.

(9 points)5. tuning a circuit

figure

Consider a series circuit with a resistor of resistance $R$, a coil, and a capacitor with the capacitance $C$. AC voltage sources with identical amplitudes $U$ are connected in series with these components. These sources vary in frequency by being multiples of $\omega _0$, where $n$ represents an integer. What frequency, denoted by $\omega _0$, would allow us to find a coil possessing an inductance $L$, such that voltages with frequencies different from $N \omega _0$ are suppressed by at least $90 \mathrm{\%}$ on the resistor? $N$ is a positive natural number known in advance (i.e., the value of $\omega _0$ may depend on it), and we do not want to suppress the voltage with frequency $N\omega _0$ by more than $90 \mathrm{\%}$.

(10 points)P. CERN on Mercury?

On the surface of Mercury, the atmosphere is approximately as dense as the vacuum tubes at CERN, in which scientists conduct experiments to investigate particle physics. Would it be a good idea to move the experiments to Mercury and perform them on its surface? Mention as many arguments as you can and elaborate on them.

Bonus:: Suggest the best place to build an accelerator.

(12 points)E. gooey

Measure the dependence of a cooking oil's dynamic viscosity $\eta $ on temperature $T$. Fit the measured data to function \[\begin{equation*} \eta = \eta _0 \f {\exp }{\frac {T_0}{T}}  , \end {equation*}\] and calculate the values of the parameters $\eta _0$ and $T_0$.

Hint: When fitting the results, plot the horizontal axis as $1/T$. Then, it is possible to fit the data with the required curve even in less advanced software, such as Excel.

Instructions for the experimental problem


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